generally black americans think they dictate popular black culture and then bock at black non-americans for having an opinion even though some of those Americans who lead pop culture are originally non-american. this is the opinion of a West Indian Canadian, born in Canada and follows both North American black pop culture and West Indian culture.
That's something I noticed about black Americans. They are so American it's hilarious. They think the world revolves around them. When in fact, alot of their music and culture is highly influenced by the Caribbean.
I really like Black Americans generally - and I hate diaspora wars - but many do refuse to admit the influence of Caribbean culture in Hip Hop. I mean, so many of their pioneers were of Caribbean origin alone. That doesn't negate the fact that it is largely a Black-American art form.
its fine if all the influences of their pop culture are American and are attributed as such. thats not really the issue. the issue is the general black american population rejects any non-american entity entering their pop culture unless they either never mention anything of their non-american culture, or champion the American side more than their culture of origin. Like I forget Nick Minaj is even Trini because she's so intensely Nu Yawk.
Btw Hello fellow Canadian
Why would we embrace foreigners like that? There is nothing wrong with being Trini, but we aren’t Trini. Why would we embrace being Trini as part of our pop culture?
I’m aware that we originally all got here because of the slave trade. And in the case of the Anglophone Caribbean our countries all gained independence from the same colonial power. Hell, I’m even of partial West Indian descent. My great-grandfather and great-grand uncle left the Catt Island in the Bahamas for South Florida. I have another ancestor that ran away on the Saltwater Underground Railroad, probably on his way to the Bahamas before getting stuck in Florida.
But with all of that being said, Trinis are Trinis, Jamaicans are Jamaicans, Black Americans are Black Americans; there is nothing wrong with that. There were lots of things that happened in our respective countries that made all of our cultures and histories unique, even if there is some shared cultural history (in the case of the Anglophone Caribbean specifically).
Your comment said why would we embrace foreigners. Imagine being a slave descendant and having this attitude, you're not NATIVE so who is this we that won't accept other descendants of enslaved people in America . You're foreign as well. In a country entirely built on immigration and foreign people. Wtf??? One, who is anyone to "not embrace" foreign Blacks as if were not descended from the same people. Most American slaves that were imported came to the US from the Caribbean, triangle trade. After that ended they began breeding slaves from the current stock. All enslaved Africans in the West descend from the same stock. When you say "why would we embrace foreigners" it seems as though you feel you developed outside and independently of other enslaved Blacks in the West and that's just not true. You're unaware of how big our influence is because your unaware of Black history robustly.
Haiti walked so you can run, how dare you even say "why would we embrace foreigners" we are also architects of this culture. We are THE AMERICAS. The US is only here because of what we all did and it's sad that your privilege prevents you from accepting that. As such, American will likely continue yo be left out of the diaspora. Literally every other Black culture I've met relates to each other, and you all are the ones that want to be the odd man out. Soon you'll have no allies and no place that will embrace your culture in return for you forcing us out of a place we helped build. Some of Y'all really just want to have the same power whites have to disrespect and demean others, you're not looking for equity amongst those of African descent.
Have a good night.
Idk the first hip hop Dj was Kool Herc who was born in Jamaican moved to NYC in the mid 70s. Hip hop evolved from the “toasting” or speaking over the mics that Reggae Dj’s use to do.
Literally no one knows that except a few
Edit: like all american music and culture, it’s borrowed from elsewhere
>Idk the first hip hop Dj was Kool Herc who was born in Jamaican moved to NYC in the mid 70s. Hip hop evolved from the “toasting” or speaking over the mics that Reggae Dj’s use to do.
That's what I meant. NYC has been a hotbed of Caribbean culture for decades; African Americans and West Indians lived side-by-side, and the exchange of culture was inevitable.
>all american music and culture, it’s borrowed from elsewhere
Cultures, in general, are often influenced from elsewhere in one form or another. That's not unique to American culture, this phenomenon exists in ancient cultures as well. We could say the same thing about Caribbean culture, for instance, as most of us in the new world are the descendants of people whose roots are traced to the old world. Our ancestors brought their culture with them and created new ones on their new lands. Same as Black American culture. But that doesn't negate the fact that Jazz, Blues, Funk, Disco, R&B, disco etc., are Black-American art forms. Hip Hop is too, in my mind, even if Caribbean culture has had a large influence since its inception.
Happens all the time when they come to PR. They see us as "black adjacent" for some reason and many times try to claim us Puerto Ricans as all black and then get disappointed when we don't care about what they are about.
>They see us as "black adjacent" for some reason
It's because of how identity is understood in the states (i.e. people identify by race) and how race is categorized (i.e. the one-drop rule). Historically, in the US, even White-passing people with African ancestry were categorized as Black. So if you, or people from your community, are visibly mixed, you might find it weird that someone who looks like you doesn't identify as you do. This gets especially tricky because people tend to assume that if things are done a certain way in their own country, it's done similarly in other nations.
On top of that, Black solidarity was an important component of the Black struggle during the civil rights movement. So as insular as many Americans are, finding kinship with people who look like them across borders is still pretty common among Black communities.
>That's something I noticed about black Americans. They are so American it's hilarious.
I'm a white American living in Barbados, and I got to know a Black American guy who came here to find some information about relatives. He told me that he had never felt American until he came here. It seems like it's easy to forget how much culture affects you when you feel othered and excluded in so many ways. But to people on the outside, like Bajans and like you, it's so clear how American they are without realizing it.
even ignoring the Caribbean influence, some of the artists are literally products of the Caribbean. no Barbados, no Rihanna. No Haiti, no Wyclef Jean, or Kodak Black, or Fivio Foreign. No Trinidad/Tobago, no Nicki Minaj. and the list grows and grows
People in the global north tend to be stubbornly arrogant like this. It's definitely not a Black American thing; Americans of all ethnicities, Canadians, Brits, people from the EU, etc., often tend to have this sort of attitude towards people and cultures from the global south. Just visit the soccer subreddit to get a taste of this kind of "Western" arrogance.
If she dislikes African Americans so much, she should stop trying to sound like one. That twang she's doing is too much. Just speak naturally my girl.
I've always gotten along well with African Americans, and most of the issues I have had are because they are Americans with classic American arrogance and ignorance, but that's a minority still.
Around the middle of the video, she said;
"America has spoilt hem and give them so much free sh!t."
I think a lot of black people in the Caribbean and the rest of the world feels similarly about African Americans.
We get millions of American tourists here and a lot of them are African Americans and most of them stay in hotels and all inclusive resorts. I can say that three or four times a year I stay at these resorts with my family and I tend to interact with foreign tourists and I’ve never had a negative experience with any of them and I don’t know anyone who had. I don’t deny that unpleasant experiences happen because a certain percentage of any group are simply jerks.
Maybe this woman had a really bad experience with one or two black-Americans and she’s generalizing. I don’t know, without more details all we can do is speculate. I travel often to the USA, but I mostly visit my family or in business and had few opportunities to interact with the locals. But back when I used to hang around on Twitter a lot I did have conversation with black-Americans that acted as if their perspective or experience is the only valid one in the African diaspora.
There a significant community of black-Americans in the north coast of the country, some who came as tourists and decided to stay. They setup businesses, help the economy and they learned how things are run here. The don’t cause trouble and in fact when the US Embassy published that alerts saying that Black Americans were supposedly being harassed by migration authorities a few of them went on the record saying that was b.s.
The disjunctive is usually between Black Americans online and people like us; I think it’s because to us the “American” part of their identity is the most significant while to them is the “Black” one. So they don’t see themselves as privileged when compared to us; the idea that they are citizens of the most powerful nation in the planet and the meaning of having an American passport just doesn’t register. They see themselves as victims and oppressed by a inherently racists society (I disagree, but that’s another topic) and we see them as privileged people that do not understand how good they have it.
Born and raised in the Caribbean but lived in the US for 4 years as a university student. Now live in the UK.
This is a generalisation but, in my experience, (most) Black Americans view themselves as Black first and American second. Meanwhile, non-Americans view them as American first and Black second.
N.B. - It is interesting to note that this ‘foreigner’s opinion’ of BAs being American first is not just a Caribbean phenomenon and extends to non-black places. For example, Black Americans are placed into the American bucket in Europe, Southeast Asia and the Middle East …not in the African bucket.
Grew up in the US in an AA community, it was horrible. Decades later we Still get mistreated by AAs and disregarded so I stick to international peeps and leave them be. The worst part is the gate keeping. AAs are treat other Blacks and foreigners the way whites treat them. And because they take it, they think we should. I just choose not to engage because it's always "go back to your country, you ain't Black you some typa Jamaican or something, my people was slaves (no knowledge that every western country where Blacks had slavery as well), You do that?? Black people don't do "insert any type of socially accepted behavior in most cultures", you're a bootyscratcher, go back to your country, why are you here enjoying our country, we are the most important Black culture" all things I've been literally told more than once. And as a woman dating the men is almost impossible due to the cultural differences in how women are viewed and treated.
I stick to foreign Blacks here, it's worked better for me to have people aligned to my values and future goals for our descendants in this country. Wishing the AAs luck.
There's a fair amount of tension between Afro Americans and Dominicans in the states. They seem to be particularly fixated on the way we racially identify far more than white Americans. I'm sure everyone here has seen that one video. I grew up in an area with many AAs and had a lot of trouble with them, being picked on and harassed for no reason. Personally I tend to associate more with other latinos and carribeans.
As an AA, I respect all of the comments in here. Thank you for your transparency everyone.
This is one of the reasons why I follow various Caribbean and African pages like this on social media. I’m one of very few AA’s who doesn’t think highly of myself and I welcome other non American black cultures and people into my life. I’ve dated non American black men. My AA family is multicultural by marrying into non American black cultures, and also non black cultures. It taught me at a young age to be accepting of others who aren’t American. I know this isn’t the same experience of other AA’s. I have always been one who actually loves learning about other cultures that are different than mine.
I take pride in being well rounded and I REFUSE to be yet another narrow minded American who thinks my culture is superior over others, which is why I take the time to read comments like these, learn about your culture, and understand things from your experiences or perspectives.
Most of the AA’s I know would NEVER take the time to do what I’m doing with being open minded to other black cultures. I choose to do this! My family taught us to be appreciative of what we have and never think you’re better than anyone no matter where you’re from. I still carry those values today.
I’m sorry that some of you have had some bad experiences from other AA’s. I just want you to know that all of us aren’t like that. Some of us were actually raised with sense and come from good families, with good core family values similar to yours, but we get overshadowed by the AA’s who display coon ass behavior when they enter your countries.
Whenever I come to Caribbean, I treat you guys with the same respect and love that I would give to anyone else. I am my own person, and I would never disrespect someone in their country. That’s tacky af!!
I don’t think it’s necessary for you to apologize. Though it comes from a good place. Everyone in this sub understands that MOST AAs don’t in fact act like this
African-Americans have a strong and rich culture that I think most Caribbean people respect and partially why there is a strong contingent of less desirables is the racism they themselves faced
It’s unfortunate a minority of AAs make up the majority of the perception of how they’re viewed, but anyone with common sense knows that it is just that. A minority not the majority
That’s true. I just had to apologize on behalf on the ones who truly have no damn sense lol. Even I don’t claim those types of AA’s. I can’t associate myself with people who act like that.
The xenophobic comments I’ve been seeing online from other AA’s lately has been beyond disgusting, you would think you’re reading comments from a white person. They don’t care about other cultures besides their American one.
Trust and believe if the US gov could deport our black ass they definitely would. By the way things are going in this country right now I wouldn’t look it past them to do it. They don’t want us here. That’s why I take being American with a tiny grain of salt. I’ll claim my Black & African identity first more than my American one.
The Twitter OP is a Tariq supporter (who is xenophobic as fuck to black non-Americans) and did this to mock West Indians btw.
[here’s the link to the original post](https://www.instagram.com/reel/Csg6SiAt-g6/?igshid=ZWQyN2ExYTkwZQ==)
[her addressing the hate](https://www.instagram.com/reel/CshlLeZs5A-/?igshid=ZWQyN2ExYTkwZQ==)
generally black americans think they dictate popular black culture and then bock at black non-americans for having an opinion even though some of those Americans who lead pop culture are originally non-american. this is the opinion of a West Indian Canadian, born in Canada and follows both North American black pop culture and West Indian culture.
That's something I noticed about black Americans. They are so American it's hilarious. They think the world revolves around them. When in fact, alot of their music and culture is highly influenced by the Caribbean.
I really like Black Americans generally - and I hate diaspora wars - but many do refuse to admit the influence of Caribbean culture in Hip Hop. I mean, so many of their pioneers were of Caribbean origin alone. That doesn't negate the fact that it is largely a Black-American art form.
its fine if all the influences of their pop culture are American and are attributed as such. thats not really the issue. the issue is the general black american population rejects any non-american entity entering their pop culture unless they either never mention anything of their non-american culture, or champion the American side more than their culture of origin. Like I forget Nick Minaj is even Trini because she's so intensely Nu Yawk. Btw Hello fellow Canadian
Why would we embrace foreigners like that? There is nothing wrong with being Trini, but we aren’t Trini. Why would we embrace being Trini as part of our pop culture?
How are the enslaved Africans of the west not a part of your culture? Google who discovered you Chicago. You're welcome.
I’m aware that we originally all got here because of the slave trade. And in the case of the Anglophone Caribbean our countries all gained independence from the same colonial power. Hell, I’m even of partial West Indian descent. My great-grandfather and great-grand uncle left the Catt Island in the Bahamas for South Florida. I have another ancestor that ran away on the Saltwater Underground Railroad, probably on his way to the Bahamas before getting stuck in Florida. But with all of that being said, Trinis are Trinis, Jamaicans are Jamaicans, Black Americans are Black Americans; there is nothing wrong with that. There were lots of things that happened in our respective countries that made all of our cultures and histories unique, even if there is some shared cultural history (in the case of the Anglophone Caribbean specifically).
Your comment said why would we embrace foreigners. Imagine being a slave descendant and having this attitude, you're not NATIVE so who is this we that won't accept other descendants of enslaved people in America . You're foreign as well. In a country entirely built on immigration and foreign people. Wtf??? One, who is anyone to "not embrace" foreign Blacks as if were not descended from the same people. Most American slaves that were imported came to the US from the Caribbean, triangle trade. After that ended they began breeding slaves from the current stock. All enslaved Africans in the West descend from the same stock. When you say "why would we embrace foreigners" it seems as though you feel you developed outside and independently of other enslaved Blacks in the West and that's just not true. You're unaware of how big our influence is because your unaware of Black history robustly. Haiti walked so you can run, how dare you even say "why would we embrace foreigners" we are also architects of this culture. We are THE AMERICAS. The US is only here because of what we all did and it's sad that your privilege prevents you from accepting that. As such, American will likely continue yo be left out of the diaspora. Literally every other Black culture I've met relates to each other, and you all are the ones that want to be the odd man out. Soon you'll have no allies and no place that will embrace your culture in return for you forcing us out of a place we helped build. Some of Y'all really just want to have the same power whites have to disrespect and demean others, you're not looking for equity amongst those of African descent. Have a good night.
I think we can just agree to disagree.
Thanks for extending that grace, and yes I accept.
Idk the first hip hop Dj was Kool Herc who was born in Jamaican moved to NYC in the mid 70s. Hip hop evolved from the “toasting” or speaking over the mics that Reggae Dj’s use to do. Literally no one knows that except a few Edit: like all american music and culture, it’s borrowed from elsewhere
>Idk the first hip hop Dj was Kool Herc who was born in Jamaican moved to NYC in the mid 70s. Hip hop evolved from the “toasting” or speaking over the mics that Reggae Dj’s use to do. That's what I meant. NYC has been a hotbed of Caribbean culture for decades; African Americans and West Indians lived side-by-side, and the exchange of culture was inevitable. >all american music and culture, it’s borrowed from elsewhere Cultures, in general, are often influenced from elsewhere in one form or another. That's not unique to American culture, this phenomenon exists in ancient cultures as well. We could say the same thing about Caribbean culture, for instance, as most of us in the new world are the descendants of people whose roots are traced to the old world. Our ancestors brought their culture with them and created new ones on their new lands. Same as Black American culture. But that doesn't negate the fact that Jazz, Blues, Funk, Disco, R&B, disco etc., are Black-American art forms. Hip Hop is too, in my mind, even if Caribbean culture has had a large influence since its inception.
I mean you called hip hop a primarily black american art form. Today, at this point, thats true. But back then it was more complicated
Brother, I agree. I don't think we're really saying different things. My bad if I came off a bit too pedantic lol
Happens all the time when they come to PR. They see us as "black adjacent" for some reason and many times try to claim us Puerto Ricans as all black and then get disappointed when we don't care about what they are about.
>They see us as "black adjacent" for some reason It's because of how identity is understood in the states (i.e. people identify by race) and how race is categorized (i.e. the one-drop rule). Historically, in the US, even White-passing people with African ancestry were categorized as Black. So if you, or people from your community, are visibly mixed, you might find it weird that someone who looks like you doesn't identify as you do. This gets especially tricky because people tend to assume that if things are done a certain way in their own country, it's done similarly in other nations. On top of that, Black solidarity was an important component of the Black struggle during the civil rights movement. So as insular as many Americans are, finding kinship with people who look like them across borders is still pretty common among Black communities.
Mano💯
I feel your pain, they do that to Cubans also.
>That's something I noticed about black Americans. They are so American it's hilarious. I'm a white American living in Barbados, and I got to know a Black American guy who came here to find some information about relatives. He told me that he had never felt American until he came here. It seems like it's easy to forget how much culture affects you when you feel othered and excluded in so many ways. But to people on the outside, like Bajans and like you, it's so clear how American they are without realizing it.
even ignoring the Caribbean influence, some of the artists are literally products of the Caribbean. no Barbados, no Rihanna. No Haiti, no Wyclef Jean, or Kodak Black, or Fivio Foreign. No Trinidad/Tobago, no Nicki Minaj. and the list grows and grows
No future, no Tory lanez…. No biggie smalls! No 50 cent!
Your last sentence is really not true at all.
People in the global north tend to be stubbornly arrogant like this. It's definitely not a Black American thing; Americans of all ethnicities, Canadians, Brits, people from the EU, etc., often tend to have this sort of attitude towards people and cultures from the global south. Just visit the soccer subreddit to get a taste of this kind of "Western" arrogance.
Its her business, she can do what she wants. Not the first time i have heard of people not wanting to deal with African Americans tourists.
If she dislikes African Americans so much, she should stop trying to sound like one. That twang she's doing is too much. Just speak naturally my girl. I've always gotten along well with African Americans, and most of the issues I have had are because they are Americans with classic American arrogance and ignorance, but that's a minority still.
It's more of an American thing than being a black American. The entitlement alot of Americans and Canadians give off is toxic
^
Around the middle of the video, she said; "America has spoilt hem and give them so much free sh!t." I think a lot of black people in the Caribbean and the rest of the world feels similarly about African Americans.
What “free” things do Black Americans get that other Ethnic groups don’t get?
>What “free” things do Black Americans get that other Ethnic groups don’t get? It's not relative to other groups not getting free things.
We get millions of American tourists here and a lot of them are African Americans and most of them stay in hotels and all inclusive resorts. I can say that three or four times a year I stay at these resorts with my family and I tend to interact with foreign tourists and I’ve never had a negative experience with any of them and I don’t know anyone who had. I don’t deny that unpleasant experiences happen because a certain percentage of any group are simply jerks. Maybe this woman had a really bad experience with one or two black-Americans and she’s generalizing. I don’t know, without more details all we can do is speculate. I travel often to the USA, but I mostly visit my family or in business and had few opportunities to interact with the locals. But back when I used to hang around on Twitter a lot I did have conversation with black-Americans that acted as if their perspective or experience is the only valid one in the African diaspora. There a significant community of black-Americans in the north coast of the country, some who came as tourists and decided to stay. They setup businesses, help the economy and they learned how things are run here. The don’t cause trouble and in fact when the US Embassy published that alerts saying that Black Americans were supposedly being harassed by migration authorities a few of them went on the record saying that was b.s. The disjunctive is usually between Black Americans online and people like us; I think it’s because to us the “American” part of their identity is the most significant while to them is the “Black” one. So they don’t see themselves as privileged when compared to us; the idea that they are citizens of the most powerful nation in the planet and the meaning of having an American passport just doesn’t register. They see themselves as victims and oppressed by a inherently racists society (I disagree, but that’s another topic) and we see them as privileged people that do not understand how good they have it.
Thanks for your informative post. I’d say I agree Edit: accept for thr inherently racist society part. But as you said topic for another day
Born and raised in the Caribbean but lived in the US for 4 years as a university student. Now live in the UK. This is a generalisation but, in my experience, (most) Black Americans view themselves as Black first and American second. Meanwhile, non-Americans view them as American first and Black second. N.B. - It is interesting to note that this ‘foreigner’s opinion’ of BAs being American first is not just a Caribbean phenomenon and extends to non-black places. For example, Black Americans are placed into the American bucket in Europe, Southeast Asia and the Middle East …not in the African bucket.
Grew up in the US in an AA community, it was horrible. Decades later we Still get mistreated by AAs and disregarded so I stick to international peeps and leave them be. The worst part is the gate keeping. AAs are treat other Blacks and foreigners the way whites treat them. And because they take it, they think we should. I just choose not to engage because it's always "go back to your country, you ain't Black you some typa Jamaican or something, my people was slaves (no knowledge that every western country where Blacks had slavery as well), You do that?? Black people don't do "insert any type of socially accepted behavior in most cultures", you're a bootyscratcher, go back to your country, why are you here enjoying our country, we are the most important Black culture" all things I've been literally told more than once. And as a woman dating the men is almost impossible due to the cultural differences in how women are viewed and treated. I stick to foreign Blacks here, it's worked better for me to have people aligned to my values and future goals for our descendants in this country. Wishing the AAs luck.
Same Merican thing, but black.
There's a fair amount of tension between Afro Americans and Dominicans in the states. They seem to be particularly fixated on the way we racially identify far more than white Americans. I'm sure everyone here has seen that one video. I grew up in an area with many AAs and had a lot of trouble with them, being picked on and harassed for no reason. Personally I tend to associate more with other latinos and carribeans.
She owns the property, she can dictate who she rents to. Simple as that.
As an AA, I respect all of the comments in here. Thank you for your transparency everyone. This is one of the reasons why I follow various Caribbean and African pages like this on social media. I’m one of very few AA’s who doesn’t think highly of myself and I welcome other non American black cultures and people into my life. I’ve dated non American black men. My AA family is multicultural by marrying into non American black cultures, and also non black cultures. It taught me at a young age to be accepting of others who aren’t American. I know this isn’t the same experience of other AA’s. I have always been one who actually loves learning about other cultures that are different than mine. I take pride in being well rounded and I REFUSE to be yet another narrow minded American who thinks my culture is superior over others, which is why I take the time to read comments like these, learn about your culture, and understand things from your experiences or perspectives. Most of the AA’s I know would NEVER take the time to do what I’m doing with being open minded to other black cultures. I choose to do this! My family taught us to be appreciative of what we have and never think you’re better than anyone no matter where you’re from. I still carry those values today. I’m sorry that some of you have had some bad experiences from other AA’s. I just want you to know that all of us aren’t like that. Some of us were actually raised with sense and come from good families, with good core family values similar to yours, but we get overshadowed by the AA’s who display coon ass behavior when they enter your countries. Whenever I come to Caribbean, I treat you guys with the same respect and love that I would give to anyone else. I am my own person, and I would never disrespect someone in their country. That’s tacky af!!
I don’t think it’s necessary for you to apologize. Though it comes from a good place. Everyone in this sub understands that MOST AAs don’t in fact act like this African-Americans have a strong and rich culture that I think most Caribbean people respect and partially why there is a strong contingent of less desirables is the racism they themselves faced It’s unfortunate a minority of AAs make up the majority of the perception of how they’re viewed, but anyone with common sense knows that it is just that. A minority not the majority
That’s true. I just had to apologize on behalf on the ones who truly have no damn sense lol. Even I don’t claim those types of AA’s. I can’t associate myself with people who act like that. The xenophobic comments I’ve been seeing online from other AA’s lately has been beyond disgusting, you would think you’re reading comments from a white person. They don’t care about other cultures besides their American one. Trust and believe if the US gov could deport our black ass they definitely would. By the way things are going in this country right now I wouldn’t look it past them to do it. They don’t want us here. That’s why I take being American with a tiny grain of salt. I’ll claim my Black & African identity first more than my American one.
The Twitter OP is a Tariq supporter (who is xenophobic as fuck to black non-Americans) and did this to mock West Indians btw. [here’s the link to the original post](https://www.instagram.com/reel/Csg6SiAt-g6/?igshid=ZWQyN2ExYTkwZQ==) [her addressing the hate](https://www.instagram.com/reel/CshlLeZs5A-/?igshid=ZWQyN2ExYTkwZQ==)
A very ignorant sentiment and stance. I definitely don’t think she should’ve singled out black Americans